Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC
>> Woodruff: GOOD EVENING, I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. ON THE NEWSHOUR TONIGHT, A GROWING DEATH TOLL IN CALIFORNIA'S SEARCH FOR SURVIVORS AFTER MASSIVE MUDSLIDES PLOWED INTO HOMES AND SWEPT CARS AWAY. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES REAUTHORIZES A CONTROVERSIAL FOREIGN SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM. AND TROUBLE IN AND, TROUBLE IN PARADISE-- AS VIOLENT DRUG GANGS MOVE IN ON A POPULAR VACATION SPOT, HOW WILL MEXICO PROTECT TOURISTS AND THE BILLION DOLLAR TRAVEL INDUSTRY?
>> SINCE TOURISTS ARE THE CONSUMERS, THIS ALSO CREATES HAVOC. THE DRUG LORDS IMMEDIATELY RECOGNIZE THEM AS REVENUE GENERATORS.
>> Woodruff: ALL THAT AND MORE ON TONIGHT'S PBS NEWSHOUR.
>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:
>> DO YOU HAVE THE PAPERS?
>> THE WHITE HOUSE HAS BEEN LYING ABOUT THE VIETNAM WAR FOR 30 YEARS!
>> WHAT'S NEXT?
>> YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT EXPOSING GOVERNMENT SECRETS.
>> IS THAT LEGAL?
>> WHAT IS IT YOU THINK WE DO HERE FOR A LIVING, KID?
>> IF WE PUBLISH THIS, WE COULD ALL GO TO PRISON.
>> IF THERE'S A WAY TO DESTROY YOU, NIXON WILL FIND IT!
>> I'M ASKING YOUR ADVICE, NOT FOR YOUR PERMISSION. WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO?
>> "THE POST."
>> WHAT ARE YOU TALKING ABOUT?
>> I ALWAYS WANTED TO BE PART OF A SMALL REBELLION.
>> RATED PG-13.
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>> Woodruff: THE FUTURE OF UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS BROUGHT TO THE U.S. AS CHILDREN REMAINS UNCERTAIN TONIGHT. A BIPARTISAN GROUP OF SIX U.S. SENATORS ANNOUNCED THEY HAVE AGREED ON AN IMMIGRATION DEAL THAT WOULD PROTECT THESE SO- CALLED DREAMERS AND BEEF-UP BORDER SECURITY. BUT AS OF NOW THE WHITE HOUSE IS NOT ON BOARD. TWO OF THE SENATORS LEADING THE EFFORT PRESENTED THE PLAN TO PRESIDENT TRUMP THIS AFTERNOON. SO FAR, HIS SPOKESMEN SAY THE PROPOSAL NEEDS MORE WORK. THE NEWSHOUR CONFIRMS THAT AT THE MEETING, THE PRESIDENT USED VULGAR LANGUAGE IN DESCRIBING IMMIGRANTS FROM HAITI, EL SALVADOR AND SOME AFRICAN COUNTRIES. MR. TRUMP ASKED: "WHY ARE WE HAVING ALL THESE PEOPLE FROM S*+*HOLE COUNTRIES COME HERE?", AND SUGGESTED INSTEAD MORE IMMIGRANTS FROM NORWAY SHOULD BE WELCOMED. OUR OWN LISA DESJARDINS JOINS ME NOW TO EXPLAIN THE STATE OF PLAY. LISA, SO YOU ARE FALL FOLLOWING THIS ALL DAY LONG. LET'S GET TO THE CONTEXT OF WHAT WAS GOING ON. THREE DEMOCRATIC SENATORS, THREE REPUBLICANS, WHAT WERE THEY PROSUPPOSING.
>> LED BY SENATOR DIK DURBIN OF ILLINOIS AND FROM SOUTH CAROLINA. LET'S LOOK AT THE AGREEMENT THEY CAME TO AS A BIPARTISAN GROUP. FIRST, THAT DACA RECIPIENTS WOULD HAVE A PERM NENLT LEGAL STATUS AND THT AFTER TEN YEARS THEY COULD APPLY FOR CITIZENSHIP. BUT THEIR PARENTS WOULD ONLY HAVE A TEMPORARY STATUS. THAT IS ABOUT THAT CHAIN MIGRATION OR FAMILY MIGRATION, IT COULD NOT APPLY AUTOMATICALLY FOR CITIZENSHIP. ALSO FOR THE BORDER THIS DEAL WOULD HAVE GIVEN $2.7 BILLION FOR SOME KIND OF BARRIER, COULD YOU CALL IT A WALL OR A FENCE, WHATEVER, AND ALSO ADDITIONAL SECURITY. ALSO, JUDY, INTERESTING THAT IN THIS DEAL THE VISA LOTTERY AS WE KNOW IT WOULD ESSENTIALLY END. THAT'S 50,000 VISAS RIGHT NOW. THOSE VISAS WOULD BE SPLIT 25,000 OF THOSE VISAS WOULD GO TO HELP THOSE WHO HAVE TEMPORARY PROTECTED STATUS, WHOSE STATUS IS SET TO END IN THE NEXT YEAR AND A HALF. AND 25,000 VISAS MORE WOULD BE MERIT-BASED. AND THAT IS THAT TEMPORARY PROTECTIVE STATUS AND THAT VISA LOTTERY, THAT IS WHAT THE PRESIDENT WAS TALKING ABOUT WHEN HE TALKED ABOUT THOSE GROUPS OF PEOPLE.
>> Woodruff: AND THERE IS A LOT TO FOLLOW HERE.
>> YES.
>> Woodruff: SO WE WILL TRY TO KEEP IT AS SIMPLE AS POSSIBLE. LET'S START WITH THE TEMPORARY PROTECTED STATUS RECIPIENTS. LET'S TALK MORE ABOUT WHAT THAT MEANS AND ALSO ABOUT WHAT YOU LEARNED ABOUT THIS CONTROVERSIAL COMMENT BY THE PRESIDENT.
>> THAT'S RIGHT. SO DEMOCRATS, ESPECIALLY, REALLY WANT TO KEEP THOSE FOLKS IN THIS COUNTRY. THESE ARE PEOPLE WHO CAME HERE, MOST OF THEM ILLEGALLY BUT WERE GIVEN A PROTECTIVE STATUS BECAUSE OF EVENTS IN THEIR COUNTRY LIKE EARTHQUAKES, THE PRESIDENT ANNOUNCED OVER THE PAST FEW WEEKS THEIR STATUS WOULD END OVER THE NEXT YEAR AND A HALF. AS PART OF THIS DEAL THEY WOULD BE GIVEN SOME VISAS BUT AS THE PRESIDENT WAS BEING PRESENTED THIS DEAL, WE'RE TOLD BY DEMOCRATS, HE ASKED WHAT COUNTRIES ARE INVOLVED IN THIS SPECIFICALLY. THEY LISTED THOSE COUNTRIES, WHEN THEY GOT TO HAITI, WE WERE pWHY WOULD WE WANT SO MANY PEOPE FROM HAITI HERE AND THEN LATER WHEN THEY WERE TALKING ABOUT THE VISA LOTTERY HE WAS TOLD THAT BENEFITS LARGELY PEOPLE FROM AFRICAN COUNTRIES, THAT THEY BENEFIT FROM THIS, AND AT THAT POINT THE PRESIDENT WE'RE TOLD BY DEMOCRATS PUSHED BACK AND SAID WHY WOULD WE WANT THEM. AND THAT'S WHEN HE MADE THAT COMMENT USING THE EXPLETIVE. THE WHITE HOUSE HAS RESPONDED TO THE WASHINGTON EXAMINER AND WE'RE WAITING FOR A RESPONSE OURSELVES SAYING THAT CERTAIN WASHINGTON POLITICIANS CHOOSE TO FIGHT FOR FOREIGN COUNTRIES, BUT PRESIDENT TRUMP WILL FIGHT FOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. THEY DID NOT RESPOND TO THE SUBSTANCE OF THIS, WHETHER HE SAID THOSE WORDS OR NOT. DEMOCRATS THINK THIS HELPS THEM, THAT IT MAKES THE PRESIDENT LOOK IN THE WORDS OF ONE AIDE RACIST.
>> Woodruff: JUST QUICKLY WHATEVER OBJECTIONS DID THE WHITE HOUSE EXPRESS TO THIS PROPOSAL.
>> THE WALL SAY PROBLEM FOR THEM, THEY WANT MORE MONEY FOR THE WALL, EVEN THOUGH THE SENATE PROPOSAL DOES INCLUDE 1.6 BILLION WHICH IS WHAT THE PRESIDENT HAS ASKED FOR FOR NOW. THEY THINK IT'S NOT ENOUGH AND THE WHITE HOUSE WOULD LIKE MORE FOR THAT.
>> Woodruff: AND THIS IS AGAIN COMING FROM THE SENATE WHAT ABOUT THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
>> VERY IMPORTANT QUESTION. COMING FROM A HOUSE REPUBLICAN AIDE, A SENIOR AIDE, THEY SEE THE SENATE PROPOSAL OF COURSE AS A NONSTARTER. YOU SEE THIS CLASSIC COMPETITION, THE HOUSE IS WAY MORE CONSERVATIVE. WHAT THE HOUSE WHAT LIKE TO HAPPEN IS INSTEAD OF THE SENATE GROUP LEADING THE TALKS, THEY WANT A GROUP OF ALL THE NUMBER TWOS IN BOTH CHAMBERS. SO THE NUMBER TWO REPUBLICANS IN BOTH THE HOUSE AND THE SENATE, THE NUMBER TWO DEMOCRATS, THEY SEPARATELY HAVE BEEN TALKING. THE HOUSE WANTS THAT GROUP TO MOVE FORWARD. OF COURSE DEMOCRATS POINT OUT THAT IS A GROUP OF FOUR WHITE MEN. SO IT IS A COMPETITION TO SEE WHO ACTUALLY LEADS THIS. THE CLOCK IS TICKING AND TO BE HONEST, JUDY, I THINK THESE NEGOTIATIONS ARE FARTHER FROM A CONCLUSION TODAY THAN THEY WERE YESTERDAY.
>> Woodruff: THAT'S FASCINATING. BECAUSE WE WERE ET GOING A SENSE IN THE LAST 24, 48 HOURS THAT MAYBE THEY WERE MOVING CLOSER.
>> THAT'S RIGHT.
>> Woodruff: BUT YOU ARE SAYING NO.
>> IT FEELS LIKE THIS WAS A VERY BIG WORD BUMP AND OF COURSE MANY OF THESE LAWMAKERS HAVE GONE HOME, STAFF WILL BE WORKING OVERNIGHT, I'M TOLD, ALL AROUND ONE BUT IT IS HARD TO SAY.THE WE'LL SEE WHAT HAPPENS OVER THE WEEKEND AND MONDAY.
>> Woodruff: AND WE'RE GOING TO THE MARTIN LUTHER KING HOLIDAY.
>> THAT'S CORRECT.
>> Woodruff: LISA DESJARDINS, THANK YOU FOR THIS GOOD REPORTING.
>> Woodruff: THE DAY'S OTHER MAJOR STORY IS THE DESPERATE HUNT FOR MUDSLIDE VICTIMS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. THE DEATH TOLL STANDS AT 17, AND MORE THAN 500 SEARCHERS ARE LOOKING FOR EIGHT PEOPLE STILL MISSING. MEANWHILE, TERRIFYING NEW IMAGES OF THE MUD AVALANCHE ARE EMERGING.
>> TURN AROUND. THE FLASH FLOOD'S RIGHT THERE!
>> Woodruff: THE MOMENT DISASTER STRUCK, EARLY TUESDAY. MARCO FARRELL WATCHED IT HAPPEN AT HIS PARENTS' HOME IN MONTECITO.
>> OH, MY GOD, MOM! CLOSE THE DOOR OUT. GET, GET READY TO GO OUT! WAKE DAD UP!
>> Woodruff: THE MUD POURED INTO THE HOUSE, REACHING THE LEVEL OF THE KITCHEN SINK. A TORRENTIAL RAINFALL HAD SOAKED HILLSIDES THAT WILDFIRES BURNED CLEAR LAST YEAR, AND THE MUD CASCADED THROUGH THE WEALTHY COASTAL ENCLAVE OF 9,000.
>> WE SAW ONE OF NEIGHBORS GET AIRLIFTED BUT SADLY SEVERAL PEOPLE ARE MISSING.
>> Woodruff: RESCUERS HAVE BEEN FORCED TO TREK THROUGH KNEE-DEEP SLUDGE, USING LONG POLES TO PROBE FOR BODIES. FOR SOME FAMILIES, IT'S AN AGONIZING WAIT, AS THE WINDOW TO FIND LIFE BEGINS TO CLOSE.
>> IN A NEIGHBORHOOD THIS SMALL, EVERY NAME THAT TURNS UP IS SOMEONE'S DAD, SOMEONE'S COUSIN, SOMEONE'S TEACHER AND THAT'S GOT TO BE THE WORST PART OF IT ALL, I THINK. WE'RE JUST HAPPY FOR EVERYONE THAT MAKES IT. TASTROPHIC.: THE DAMAGE IS THE TORRENT RIPPED APART THIS HOUSE. NEARBY, ONLY A CHIMNEY REMAINS WITH NO HOME TO HEAT. OVERALL, OFFICIALS NOW SAY ABOUT 60 HOMES WERE DESTROYED AND MORE THAN 400 DAMAGED. ACROSS SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, THICK MUCK, DISPLACED BOULDERS AND MUD-COVERED VEHICLES ARE STREWN ABOUT THE LANDSCAPE, COVERING ROADS AND CUTTING OFF ANY WAY OUT.
>> I AM TRAPPED UP HERE RIGHT NOW UNTIL THEY CLEAR THE ROAD. I HAVE FOOD, WATER. NO POWER UNTIL THEY TURN THE POWER BACK ON. I DIDN'T EXPECT THE ROAD TO ACTUALLY CLOSE AND THE OTHER WAS EVEN WORSE. SO I MEAN I'M TOTALLY STUCK UP HERE.
>> Woodruff: MEANWHILE, THERE ARE GROWING QUESTIONS ABOUT WHY SO MANY PEOPLE DIDN'T HEED EVACUATION WARNINGS. AUTHORITIES NOW SAY THAT BY THE TIME FINAL ALERTS WENT OUT, THE MUD WAS ALREADY POURING DOWN THE HILLS. FOR MORE NOW FROM THE FLOOD AND SLIDE-STRICKEN AREAS, WE GO TO AMBER ANDERSON OF THE CITY OF SANTA BARBARA FIRE DEPARTMENT, WHO JOINED US BY SKYPE.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR TALKING WITH US. FIRST OF ALL, TELL US HOW ARE THE RESCUE AND RECOVERY EFFORTS GOING?
>> THE RESCUE AN RECOVERY EFFORTS ARE GOING VERY WELL. AS WE HAVE SEEN A DECREASE IN THE LAST 12 HOURS FROM THE NUMBER OF MISSING WHICH WAS REPORTED LAST NIGHT AT 17, THIS MORNING WE ARE DOWN TO 8 MISSING PEOPLE. THAT STILL MEANS THAT WE HAVE EIGHT PEOPLE OUT THERE, CRITICAL FOR US TO GET IN THERE AND FIND IT. WE HAVE CREWS THAT ARE CONTINUING TO COME IN FROM THROUGHOUT THE STATE. WE ARE WORKING 24 HOURS A DAY AROUND THE CLOCK RIGHT NOW WITH OUR SEARCH AND RESCUE EFFORTS TO FIND THOSE MISSING INDIVIDUALS.
>> Woodruff: CAN YOU DESCRIBE FOR US WHY THIS IS SO CHALLENGING? IS THERE ANYTHING YOU CAN COMPARE IT TO?
>> WHY IT IS SO CHALLENGING? LET ME COUNT THE WAYS. IT IS VERY DIFFICULT OUT THERE. HAVE WE EVER SEEN ANYTHING LIKE THIS? NONE OF US HAVE. JUST COMING OFF OF THE HEELS OF THE LARGEST WILDFIRE WITHIN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWED BY ONE OF THE BIGGEST RAIN EVENTS THAT WE'VE SEEN HERE IN SANTA BARBARA COUNTY IN A NUMBER OF YEARS PROVED TO BE CATASTROPHIC. WE'VE HAD PEOPLE THAT HAVE LOST THEIR LIVES. WE'VE HAD FAMILIES THAT ARE DISPLACED. WE'VE HAD ALMOST 500 STRUCTURES THAT HAVE BEEN DAMAGED, 65 COMPLETELY DESTROYED. THAT DOESN'T EVEN ACCOUNT FOR THE COMMERCIAL STRUCTURES. AND THE HUGE LOSS THAT WE'RE JUST FEELING THROUGHOUT THE COMMUNITY HERE IN SANTA BARBARA-- .
>> Woodruff: WHAT SET OF EQUIPMENT ARE THE RESCUE AND RECOVERY FOABLGS USING.
>> WE'RE PRETTY MUCH PULLING OUT ALL THE STOPS WITH ALL OF THE EQUIPMENT. WE HAVE A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF HEAVY EQUIPMENT THAT IS WORKING IN CLOSE COORDINATION WITH ALL OF OUR FIRST RESPONDERS OUT THERE IN THE FIELD. WE HAVE HELICOPTERS THAT ARE BEING UTILIZED TO SEARCH THE AREA AS WELL AS UTILIZING THEM FOR HOISTING OPERATIONS, WHICH A LOT OF THOSE TOOK PLACE IN THE FIRST INITIAL 24 HOURS TO GET PEOPLE TO A SAFER AREA. A LOT OF THEM WERE LOCATED IN AN AREA WHERE THEY WERE INACCESSIBLE BY VEHICLE AND FOOT TRAFFIC BECAUSE OF THE AMOUNT OF DEBRIS, THE AMOUNT OF POWER LINES DOWN AND THE GENERAL HAZARD THROUGHOUT THIS AREA, WITH THE DEBRIS FLOW THAT HE WITH SAW ON TUESDAY MORNING.
>> Woodruff: ARE YOU ABLE WITH YOUR PERSONNEL TO GET TO WHERE YOU NEED TO BE TO SEARCH FOR THE MISSING?
>> WE ARE MAKING OUR WAY THERE. YESTERDAY WE HAD COVERED APPROXIMATELY 75% OF THE DEBRIS FLOW AREA. TODAY WE ARE HOPEFUL WE ARE GOING TO BE ABLE TO COVER THE ENTIRE DEBRIS FLOW AREA AND GET SOME EYES ON IT AT SOME PORTION. IS IT ACCESSIBLE BY VEHICLE, COMPLETELY THAT IS THE NO THE CASE THAT IS WHY WE ARE CONTINUING TO UTILIZE TO OPEN UP ACCESS ROADS TO GET US INTO PLACES WHERE WE CAN'T AS WELL AS USING OUR HELICOPTERS TO DEPLOY RESOURCES INTO THOSE AREAS. SEARCH AND RESCUE IS OUR PRIMARY OBJECTIVE HERE. AND WE'RE HOPING THAT WITHIN THE FEKS DAY OR TWO WE CAN TRANSITION INTO MORE OF A RECOVERY EFFORT.
>> Woodruff: SO FINALLY, WHAT ABOUT THE HOMES THAT HAVE BEEN DAMAGED, THE COMMERCIAL STRUCTURES, HOW ARE ALL THOSE PEOPLE COPING RIGHT NOW? WHAT ABOUT SERVICES, WATER AND SO ON?
>> WE ARE WORKING VERY HARD TO GET THOSE SERVICES BACK UP. AS YOU KNOW, WATER LINES ARE DOWN, THERE WAS A BOIL ORDER ISSUED THAT WAS PUT INTO EFFECT BY THE MONTECITO WATER DISTRICT. GAS LINES WERE BROKEN THROUGHOUT THE AREA. POWER LINES ARE DOWN. THERE'S SO MUCH THAT GOES INTO PROVIDING FOR THOSE RESIDENTS, THAT NOT ONLY THAT HAVE BEEN DISPLACED BUT THROUGHOUT THE AREA IN ORDER TO GET THOSE UTILITIES AND THOSE SERVICES BACK UP SO WE CAN GET PEOPLE BACK INTO THEIR HOMES AND BACK INTO THE REBUILDING PROCESS TO GET THEM BACK TO THEIR NORMAL, EVERY DAY LIFE. THAT'S OUR GOAL.
>> Woodruff: WE CERTAINLY WISH YOU THE VERY BEST WITH ALL OF THIS. AND TO EVERYBODY WORKING ON IT. AMBER ANDERSON WITH THE SANTA BARBARA COUNTY FIRE DEPARTMENT, THANK YOU.
>> OF COURSE, THANK YOU.
>> Woodruff:
>> Woodruff: IN THE DAY'S OTHER NEWS, THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION WILL BEGIN ALLOWING STATES TO IMPOSE WORK REQUIREMENTS FOR MEDICAID. THE CENTERS FOR MEDICARE AND MEDICAID SERVICES SAID THE CHANGE APPLIES TO "ABLE-BODIED" ADULTS. IT'S A MAJOR REVERSAL OF DECADES OF POLICY, AND WHITE HOUSE SPOKESWOMAN SARAH SANDERS SAID IT WILL STRENGTHEN MEDICAID.
>> THE POLICY WILL ALLOW STATES TO DESIGN PROGRAMS THAT HELP BENEFICIARIES IMPROVE HEALTH AND WELL BEING, AT THE SAME TIME THE POLICY PROTECTS THE MOST VULNERABLE, ESPECIALLY THOSE DETERMINED TO BE MEDICALLY FRAIL OR SUFFERING FROM A SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER.
>> Woodruff: TEN STATES HAVE ALREADY APPLIED FOR THE WAIVERS, TO IMPOSE WORK REQUIREMENTS. WALL STREET RACKED UP NEW GAINS TODAY, AS OIL PRICES SURGED AND CHINA DENIED IT MIGHT STOP BUYING U.S. TREASURY DEBT. THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE JUMPED 205 POINTS TO CLOSE AT 25,574. THE NASDAQ ROSE 58 POINTS, AND THE S&P 500 WAS UP 19, FOR A NEW RECORD HIGH. THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE RELEASED NEW INCOME-TAX WITHHOLDING TABLES TODAY, AS IT RUSHES TO IMPLEMENT THE NEWLY ENACTED TAX OVERHAUL. EMPLOYERS MUST BEGIN USING THE NEW RATES BY FEBRUARY 15th. FOR NOW, INDIVIDUAL TAXPAYERS WILL NEED TO USE A NEW I.R.S. CALCULATING TOOL TO MAKE SURE PAYCHECKS ARE ACCURATE. IT'S DUE OUT BY THE END OF FEBRUARY. IN NORTHWEST SYRIA, REBEL FACTIONS LAUNCHED A COUNTER- ATTACK AGAINST GOVERNMENT FORCES. THE SYRIAN ARMY HAS BEEN PRESSING AN OFFENSIVE IN IDLIB PROVINCE, ONE OF THE FEW AREAS STILL HELD BY REBELS. TODAY'S CLASHES FOLLOWED FIERCE FIGHTING THAT'S PUSHED SOME 100- THOUSAND REFUGEES TOWARD THE TURKISH BORDER. STATE MEDIA SAY THE MILITARY REPULSED THE COUNTER-ATTACK. RUSSIA IS DISMISSING A REPORT FROM DEMOCRATIC U.S. SENATORS, WARNING OF INCREASING INTERFERENCE IN U.S. AND EUROPEAN POLITICS. A KREMLIN SPOKESMAN SAID TODAY THE REPORT IS PART OF WHAT HE CALLED AN UNPROVEN "OBSESSION." HE SPOKE IN A CONFERENCE CALL WITH REPORTERS.
>> ( translated ): THESE CONCERNS NOT ONLY HARM BILATERAL RUSSIA-U.S. RELATIONS, BUT THE UNITED STATES THEMSELVES. BUT WE CAN ONLY SAY THAT WE ARE SORRY THAT THIS CAMPAIGN AGAINST US CONTINUES AND REMINDS EVERYONE ONCE AGAIN THAT ALL THESE ACCUSATIONS OF ALLEGED MEDDLING LEVELED AGAINST OUR COUNTRY STILL HAVE NO BASE. THEY ARE ABSOLUTELY UNFOUNDED.
>> Woodruff: LATER, RUSSIAN PRESIDENT VLADIMIR PUTIN ACCUSED U.S. POLITICIANS OF "PLAYING THE RUSSIA CARD" IN A BID TO BRING DOWN PRESIDENT TRUMP. MEANWHILE, MR. TRUMP IS SAYING THAT HE "PROBABLY" HAS A "VERY GOOD RELATIONSHIP" WITH NORTH KOREA'S LEADER KIM JONG-UN. THAT'S DESPITE MONTHS OF TRADING INSULTS AND THREATS. THE PRESIDENT GAVE HIS ASSESSMENT IN THAT "WALL STREET JOURNAL" INTERVIEW. HE SAID HE DIDN'T WANT TO COMMENT WHEN ASKED WHETHER HE HAS SPOKEN WITH KIM. THE INTERVIEW FOLLOWS A SLIGHT DIPLOMATIC THAW BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA. A ST. LOUIS PROSECUTOR ANNOUNCED TODAY THAT REPUBLICAN GOVERNOR ERIC GREITENS BE INVESTIGATED OVER ALLEGATIONS OF BLACKMAIL. GREITENS ACKNOWLEDGED LAST NIGHT THAT HE ONCE HAD AN EXTRAMARITAL AFFAIR. HE DENIED THREATENING TO RELEASE NUDE PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE WOMAN, IF SHE PUBLICIZED THE AFFAIR. IT HAPPENED BEFORE GREITENS WAS ELECTED GOVERNOR IN 2016. AND, WAL-MART ANNOUNCED A WAGE HIKE AND BONUSES TODAY, AFFECTING MORE THAN A MILLION HOURLY WORKERS IN THE U.S. THE RETAILING GIANT SAID STARTING PAY WILL RISE $2, TO $11 AN HOUR, MATCHING A MOVE BY TARGET. THOSE WHO DON'T QUALIFY FOR THE RAISE WILL GET ONE-TIME BONUSES OF $200 TO $1000. AT THE SAME TIME, WAL-MART IS CLOSING 63 OF ITS SAM'S CLUB STORES AROUND THE COUNTRY. STILL TO COME ON THE NEWSHOUR, THE U.S. HOUSE VOTES TO MAINTAIN A KEY INTELLIGENCE GATHERING TOOL. AN UPDATE ON THE RECOVERY EFFORTS IN PUERTO RICO. TROUBLE IN PARADISE: THE IMPACT OF THE DRUG WAR ON MEXICO'S TOURIST BEACHES, AND MUCH MORE.
>> Woodruff: NOW, A DEBATE ABOUT PRIVACY VERSUS NATIONAL SECURITY THAT SPILLS FROM CONGRESS TO THE WHITE HOUSE. ON CAPITOL HILL, THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TODAY VOTED TO RE-AUTHORIZE A KEY PROVISION OF THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT, KNOWN AS "FISA SECTION 702." U.S. INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES SAY THAT PROVISION IS CRITICAL TO THEIR WORK, ALLOWING THEM TO COLLECT COMMUNICATIONS FROM NON- U.S. CITIZENS LOCATED OVERSEAS. BUT IN THE PROCESS, THEY ALSO INCIDENTALLY SWEEP UP THE PRIVATE COMMUNICATIONS OF SOME AMERICAN CITIZENS AND CAN STORE AND SEARCH THOSE WITHOUT A WARRANT. THIS ISSUE TIPPED OFF A DEBATE ON THE HOUSE FLOOR.
>> I RISE IN SUPPORT FOR 702 REAUTHORIZATION. IT IS CRITICAL TO OUR NATIONAL SECURITY. YOU WOULD SEE THE COLOR DRAIN OUT OF THE FACES OF ALL OF OUR SECURITY PERSONNEL, THE ENTIRE NATIONAL SECURITY COMMUNITY, IF WE LOST THE VIABILITY AND WENT DARK ON 702.
>> "INCIDENTAL COLLECTION," IT SOUNDS LIKE IT'S NOT MUCH. WELL THE FACT IS, IT'S A HUGE AMOUNT OF DATA. WE HAVE TIME TO DO THIS RIGHT. WE HAVE TIME TO MAKE SURE THAT THE FOURTH AMENDMENT IS ADHERED TO IN THE REAUTHORIZATION OF 702.
>> Woodruff: AT THE WHITE HOUSE THIS MORNING, PRESIDENT TRUMP SENT A SERIES OF TWEETS THAT SEEMED TO CONTRADICT HIS OWN POSITION ON FISA. HE INITIALLY TWEETED SKEPTICISM, FALSELY CLAIMING THAT THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION USED FISA TO SPY ON HIS CAMPAIGN. ABOUT 90 MINUTES LATER, HE WALKED BACK THAT CLAIM, SAYING, "WE NEED IT." TO UNPACK THIS COMPLEX ISSUE, I'M JOINED BY SUSAN HENNESSEY, A FORMER ATTORNEY WITH THE NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY. SHE'S NOW A FELLOW AT THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION AND IS EXECUTIVE EDITOR FOR THE WEBSITE "LAWFARE," ON THE INTERSECTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE LAW. IN SUSAN HENNESSEY WELCOME BACK TO THE NEWSHOUR.
>> THANKS FOR HAVING ME.
>> Woodruff: SO FISA, BIG PIECE OF LEGISLATION BUT THIS PARTICULAR PROVISION, WHY WAS IT UP FOR RENEWAL? WHY IS IT SO IMPORTANT FIRST OF ALL.
>> SECTION 702 WHICH IS THE PROVISION AT ISSUE IS WHAT ALLOWS THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT TO TARGET FOREIGN COMMUNICATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS, FOREIGNERS, REASONABLY BELIEVED TO BE LOCATED ABROAD FOR FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE PURPOSES. SO THIS IS A CRITICAL NATIONAL SECURITY AUTHORITY, MOST INTELLIGENCE OFFICIALS WILL ACTUALLY POINT TO IT AS ONE OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT'S MOST CRITICAL SURVEILLANCE AUTHORITIES.
>> Woodruff: WHAT DOES IT ENABLE INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES TO DO THAT THEY COULDN'T OTHERWISE DO?
>> SO, WELL, IT'S ALL FOREIGN FOCUSED AND DIRECTED AT FOREIGNERS IT ALLOWS THEM TO SERVE LEGAL PROCESS ON U.S. COMPANIES. SO COMMUNICATIONS THAT ARE TAKING PLACE BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS ABROAD MIGHT TRANSIT U.S. INFRASTRUCTURE. AND SO THIS ALLOWS THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT TO GO TO THOSE COMPANIES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES AND OBTAIN THOSE COMMUNICATIONS.
>> Woodruff: AGAIN NOW WHY IS THIS PROVISION UP FOR RENEWAL? WHY WAS IT EXPIRING SO THIS PROVISION INCLUDED WHAT IS KNOWN AS A SUNSET PROVISION. SO THIS IS A PROVISION THAT ESSENTIALLY MAKES THE LAW GO AWAY, PREVIOUSLY AFTER FIVE YEARS THE BILL THAT THE HOUSE BILL THAT WAS PASSED TODAY HAS NOW SIX YEARS. SO THE INTENTION OF THESE PROVISIONS ARE ESSENTIALLY TO FORCE PERIODIC DEBATE. WE DON'T JUST WANT REALLY IMPORTANT AND SOMETIMES CONTROVERSIAL LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITIES TO SORT OF SIT OUT THERE. AND SO THIS IS A WAY TO ENSURE THAT EVER FIVE YEARS, EVERY SIX YEARS AT THE CONCLUSION OF EVERY PERIOD CONGRESS IS ACTUALLY GOING TO TAKE UP THE ISSUE, OVERCOME LEGISLATIVE INERTIA AND DECIDE WHETHER OR NOT THE AUTHORITY SHOULD CONDITION CONTINUE OR WHETHER OR NOT IT SHOULD BE MODIFIED OR NOT.
>> Woodruff: WE JUST HEARD, SUSAN HENNESSEY, A LITTLE TASTE OF THE DEBATE FROM CONGRESSMAN KING AND THEN CONGRESSWOMAN CONGRESSWOMAN-- BUT MORE BROADLY WHAT IS AT THE HEART OF THIS DEBATE?
>> IT IS AN INCREDIBLY WIDE-RANGING AND BROAD DEBATE, FIRST ABOUT FIRST PRINCIPLES, HOW SHOULD THE UNITED STATES BE KUBTING FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE IN GENERAL. ONE OF THE MOST CONTROVERSY PROVISIONS IS WHAT IS RELATED TO WHAT IS KNOWN AS POST COLLECTION CLEARING, SO THAT IS AFTER THE U.S. GOVERNMENT HAS COLLECTED INFORMATION TARGETED AT FOREIGNERS, OFTENTIMES U.S. PERSONS INFORMATION, AMERICANS' INFORMATION WAS INCIDENTALLY COLLECTED. SO THAT IS COLLECTION THAT DIDN'T IN-- ISN'T INTENTIONAL BUT ISN'T EXACTLY ACCIDENTAL. THEY KNOW IT WILL OCCUR. ONCE IT IN GOVERNMENT DATABASES THERE IS A DEBATE AND ONGOING DEBATE ABOUT WHAT RAWLS SHOULD APPLY WHEN THE GOVERNMENT SEEKS TO SEARCH THOSE DATABASES FOR U.S. PERSONS' INFORMATION, THEIR COMMUNICATIONS, IN INSTANCES IN WHICH THEY'VE NEVER OBTAINED A WARRANT.
>> Woodruff: AND THE OPPONENTS ARE WORRIED, UNDERSTANDABLY THAT THERE IS GOING TO BE SOME INFORMATION SHARED THAT SHOULDN'T BE, THAT REALLY ISN'T A PART OF ANY INTERNATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, OR SHOULDN'T BE PART OF ANY INTELLIGENCE-GATHERING.
>> RIGHT, SO REALLY THEY THEIR FUNDAMENTAL CONCERN IS THAT THIS INFORMATION WAS COLLECTED WITHOUT A WARRANT IN A VERY SPECIFIC CONTEXT, A CONTEXT RELATED TO FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. SO WHAT THEY ARE CONCERNED WITH IS IF THAT JUST TI KAITION DOESN'T FOLLOW THROUGH ALL THE WAY TO THE END, THAT MIGHT ALLOW LAW ENFORCEMENT TO LOOK AT OTHERWISE PROTECTED COMMUNICATIONS FOR REGULAR CRIMINAL PROSECUTION PURPOSES AND WITHOUT EVER GETTING THAT WARRANT AND THAT THAT IS NOT APPROPRIATE OR ACCEPTABLE UNDER THE FOURTH AMENDMENT.
>> Woodruff: SO LET ME ASK YOU ABOUT WHAT PRESIDENT TRUMP WAS TWEETING THIS MORNING AND ABOUT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IT. FIRST THOUGH AT 7:30 THIS MORNING HE HAS A TWEET WHERE HE IN ESSENCE IS SLAMMING FISA, THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT. IS HE ASKING IF THIS IS THE ACT THAT IN HIS WORDS MAY HAVE ENABLED OR MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR THIS SURVEILLANCE, HE SAID, OF HIS CAMPAIGN BY THIS BRITISH INTELLIGENCE OFFICIALS, SO CALLED DOSSIER. BUT ABOUT AN HOUR AND A HALF LATER HE TWEETS, WE NEED FISA. WHAT IS ALL THAT ADD UP TO? HOW DO YOU INTERPRET IT?
>> SO CERTAINLY THE PRESIDENT'S FIRST TWEET WAS INCREDIBLY SURPRISING. HIS ADMINISTRATION HAS SUPPORTED CLEAN REAUTHORIZEATION OF SECTION 702. SO ACTUALLY THEY WANTED THE BILL TO BE REAUTHORIZED WITHOUT ANY CHANGES WHATSOEVER. HIS STAFF, HIS OWN WHITE HOUSE STAFF HAS BEEN WORKING VERY, VERY HARD, THIS WAS A TOP LEGISLATIVE PRIORITY. HE WOKE UP THIS MORNING AND SEEMED TO ESSENTIALLY SAY HE DIDN'T THINK THAT THIS LAW SHOULD BE USED. WE SHOULD NOTE THAT THERE IS NO EVIDENCE UNDERLINE, THERE IS NO EVIDENCE BEHIND THOSE CLAIMS THAT THIS WAS PART OF THE BAM-- OBAMA ADMINISTRATION'S SURVEILLANCE OF TRUMP CAMPAIGN OFFICIALS. SO EXPLAINING IT WITH ANOTHER CONTROVERSY, WE DON'T KNOW WHAT HAPPENED IN THAT INTERVENING 90 MINUTES BUT I THINK IT IS REASONABLE TO ASSUME HIS STAFFERS EXPLAINED TO HIM THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS PARTICULAR PIECE OF LEGISLATION AND THAT IT WAS HIS OWN ADMINISTRATION'S POSITION THAT IT SHOULD BE REAUTHORIZED.
>> Woodruff: SO THE TIMING OF THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE THESE TWEETS WERE TAKING PLACE JUST A SHORT TIME BEFORE THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WAS ABOUT TO VOTE ON THIS.
>> RIGHT, SO THIS WAS EXTRAORDINARILY DELICATE, AND THE PRESIDENT LIKE A BULL IN A CHINA HOUSE MERE HOURS BEFORE THE VOTE, THE HOUSE REALLY WAS THE PLACE IN WHICH THERE WAS SOME QUESTION ABOUT WHAT FORM IT WAS GOING TO BE PASSED IN. THERE MIGHT BE SOME MINOR MODIFICATIONS ON THE SENATE SIDE. SOME SENATORS INCLUDING SENATOR RON WIDEN, SENATOR RAND PAUL HAVE EXPRESSED CONCERNS AND EVEN INTENTION TO FILIBUSTER BUT BROADLY IT IS BELIEVED THERE ARE VOTES TO PASS ESSENTIALLY IN THE FORM IT PASSED THE HOUSE AND THE SNAT.
>> Woodruff: IN A MATTER OF A FEW DAYS.
>> RIGHT, SO IN DECEMBER CONGRESS REAUTHORIZED FOR A VERY SHORT PERIOD, JUST THREE WEEKS, SO THE BILL, THE UNDERLYING STATUTE WILL EXPIRE NOW ON JANUARY 19th. SO THEY ARE RUNNING OUT OF TIME. THE SENATE WILL HAVE TO ACT BEFORE THAT.
>> Woodruff: BUT THE BOTTOMLINE SCH OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY BREATHING A SIGH OF RELIEF FOR TODAY.
>> ABSOLUTELY.
>> Woodruff: SUSAN HENNESSEY, THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> Woodruff: NEXT, AN UPDATE FROM PUERTO RICO. NEARLY FOUR MONTHS AFTER HURRICANE MARIA RAVAGED THE ISLAND IN LATE SEPTEMBER, AS JEFFREY BROWN EXPLORES, THE RETURN TO ANYTHING LIKE NORMAL LIFE FOR MOST RESIDENTS HAS BEEN AGONIZINGLY SLOW.
>> Brown: OFFICIAL FIGURES SHOW THAT OF THE ISLAND'S 1.5 MILLION CUSTOMERS, JUST 900,000 HAVE HAD THEIR POWER RESTORED. BUSINESSES CONTINUE TO STRUGGLE AND MANY SCHOOLS REMAIN CLOSED. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT MONICA VILLAMIZAR IS IN PUERTO RICO WITH A NEWSHOUR TEAM, LOOKING AT HOW PEOPLE THERE ARE COPING. SHE JOINS US FROM CAGWAS. MONICA, JUST GIVE US A SENSE OF WHAT IT FEELS LIKE THERE. WHAT ARE PEOPLE TELLING YOU ABOUT THE IMPACT ON THEIR LIVES. HOW EASY IS IT TO GET AROUND?
>> WELL, MOBILITY HAS CERTAINLY IMPROVED IN SAN JUAN, THE CAPITOL. BUT THERE ARE STILL MANY THINGS THAT NEED TO BE FIXED. THERE ARE SNAPPED POWER LINE, EIGHT OUT OF TEN TRAFFIC LIGHTS ARE NOT WORKING, YOU CAN IMAGINE WHAT THAT DOES TO TRAFFIC IT IS PRETTY CHAOTIC AT TIMES. AND AS SOON AS YOU LEAVE THE CAPITOL THEN THINGS ARE MUCH WORSE AND THERE IS A LOT OF DEVASTATION STILL. THERE IS DEBRIS NEAR THE ROADS, THERE ARE COLLAPSED TREES, COLLAPSED BUILDINGS THAT HAVE NOT BEEN REPAIRED. AND A LOT OF CROPS THAT WILL SIMPLY NOT GROW BACK. SO FOR INSTANCE, IN SUPERMARKETS AND RESTAURANTS, THERE'S NO FOOD, THERE IS NO PLAIN TAIN, THERE IS A SCARCITY OF GOODS STILL HERE IN THE ISLAND. AND YOU KNOW, PUERTO RICANS ARE TRYING TO REBUILD. THEY HAVE BEEN VERY RESILIENT AND DIGNIFIED BUT FRANKLY THEY ARE A TRAUMATIZED POPULATION AT THIS POINT. MANY TIMES WE ARE INTERVIEWING PEOPLE AND THEY TEARED UP BECAUSE YOU KNOW T IS KIND OF A SECONDARY PHASE THEY ARE LIVING NOW WHICH IS WHEN THINGS ARE STARTING TO SINK IN. MANY OF THEM LOST EVERYTHING THEY HAD, EVERYTHING THEY HAD WORKED FOR. AND THERE IS NO CLEAR, YOU KNOW, HORIZON OR FUTURE AHEAD OF THEM, MANY SAY WE JUST SIMPLY DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO.
>> ONE OF THE KEY ISSUES THERE IS SECURITY, INCLUDING GROWING WEIM WHAT ARE YOU SEEING AND WHAT IMPACT IS THAT HAVING ON PEOPLE?
>> YOU ARE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT. THE NUMBERS ARE WORRYING. THEY SAY 32 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN MURDERED THIS YEAR. SO IN ABOUT TEN DAYS. AND THAT'S EXTREMELY HIGH FOR PUERTO RICO. OUR SOURCES ARE TELLING US THAT THIS IS MOSTLY DRUG RELATED. THAT THERE IS SOME KIND OF TURF WAR BETWEEN DRUG GANGS. THESE GANGS WERE IN THE ACTIVE AFTER THE HURRICANE BECAUSE THEY HAD TO, YOU KNOW, REBUILD THEMSELVES AND HAD ALL THESE SITUATIONS GOING ON IN THEIR FAMILY. AND NOW CRIME IS STARTING TO PICK UP. BUT THERE IS ALSO A GENERALIZED FEELING AMONG THE GENERAL PUBLIC THAT THERE IS INSECURITY. YOU KNOW, STREETS ARE DARK, FOR INSTANCE, BECAUSE OF A LACK OF POWER AT NIGHT. THE POLICE ARE NOT THERE. THERE IS LESS POLICE PRESENCE BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT BEING PAID OVERTIME. AND THEY HAVEN'T BEEN PAID. AND SO YOU KNOW THEY ARE LESS MOTIVATED TO GO TO, WITHOUT. SO IT IS KIND OF A CHAIN OF EVENTS THAT MEANS THE SECURITY SITUATION IS DETERIORATING.
>> AND I KNOW ARE YOU ALSO LOOKING AT THE SITUATION FOR SCHOOLS, THE ISSUE OF HOW MANY SCHOOLS ARE OPEN. AND ALSO HOW MANY PEOPLE INCLUDING STUDENTS AND TEACHERS HAVE LEFT THE ISLAND. WHAT IMPACT IS THAT HAVING.
>> THAT'S HAVING A VERY BIG IMPACT. AND I CAN TELL YOU THAT THE FEDERATION OF TEACHERS WHO HAVE VERY RELIABLE STATISTICS ON THIS ARE TELLING US THAT 23,000 STUDENTS HAVE ALREADY LEFT TO THE MAINLAND. THEY ARE SAYING AS WELL THAT A NUMBER OF TEACHERS HAVE LEFT. NOW THESE TEACHERS ARE VERY QUALIFIED, THEY ARE SEEKING JOBS IN FLORIDA, NEW YORK, OTHER PLACES, SO THAT MEANS THERE IS EFFECTIVELY A BRAIN DRAIN ON THE ISLAND. THESE PEOPLE WILL NOT BE RELEASED AND THAT WILL HAVE AN IMPACT. ALSO THE SECRETARY OF EDUCATION HAS SAID SOME SCHOOLS WILL JUST SIMPLY NOT REOPEN BECAUSE THERE WAS NOT ENOUGH ENROLLMENT, YOU KNOW, THE CLASSES ARE EMPTY. SO THERE'S BEEN A REAL SHIFT OR THERE WILL BE A REAL SHIFT IN DEMOGRAPHICS IN THE ISLAND AS PEOPLE TRY TO LEAVE FOR THE MAINLAND TO TRY TO FIND A BETTER FUTURE. AND THAT'S GOING TO HAVE AN IMPACT NOT ONLY ON THE EDUCATION SECTOR BUT OTHER SECTORS AS WELL.
>> YOU MENTIONED SEVERAL TIMES THE POWER LINE, THE IMPACT ON THE SECURITY. SO POWER CONTINUES TO BE A PROBLEM THERE?
>> A VERY BIG PROBLEM, INDEED. AND THE DIRECTER OF THE ELECTRIC AUTHORITY SAID MAYBE LIKE 40% OF PEOPLE DON'T HAVE POWER NOW, MAYBE THEY WON'T GET IT UNTIL MAY. SO THAT MEANS THAT THEY WILL BE LIVING OFF GENERATORS FOR THOSE WHO CAN AFFORD THE GENERATORS AND THE FUEL FOR EIGHT MONTHS, TO HAVE THEIR THINGS REFRIGERATED, MEDICINE, YOU KNOW, REFRIGERATED, IT JUST CHANGED THEIR LIFE COMPLETELY. AND MORE WORRYINGLY PERHAPS, IS THAT THEY ARE NOW REALIZING THAT THESE ARE ALL SHORT TERM FIXES. THE WHOLE POWER SYSTEM OF PUERTO RICO IS VERY OLD IT WAS VERY POORLY MAINTAINED. SO MAYBE SOME THINGS WILL HAVE TO BE REBUILT FROM SCRATCH. BUT THAT IS A BIG PROBLEM BECAUSE THE ISLAND IS BANKRUPT AND THE POWER AUTHORITY HAS NO MONEY EITHER. SO IT IS A VERY DIRE SITUATION.
>> I KNOW YOU AND YOUR TEAM WILL HAVE SORRIES FOR US IN THE COMING DAYS, FOR MOW MONICA VILLA AMAZEAR, THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> THANK YOU, JEFF.
>> Woodruff: STAY WITH US, COMING UP ON THE NEWSHOUR: MAKING SENSE OF THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE #METOO MOVEMENT AND A BRIEF BUT SPECTACULAR TAKE ON THE LIMITS OF SOCIAL MEDIA. BUT FIRST, MEXICO IS LATIN AMERICA'S MOST VISITED TOURIST DESTINATION, BRINGING IN $20 BILLION ANNUALLY. HOWEVER, 2017 WAS THE COUNTRY'S MOST-MURDEROUS YEAR EVER, WITH MORE THAN 23,000 PEOPLE KILLED. TOURIST AREAS THAT WERE ONCE CONSIDERED OFF LIMITS TO GANGS AND DRUG CARTELS ARE NOW PLAGUED BY VIOLENCE. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT DANNY GOLD HAS THE FIRST OF TWO REPORTS, AND BEGINS TONIGHT ON THE STREETS OF CANCUN, WHERE THE MURDER RATE HAS DOUBLED IN THE PAST YEAR.
>> Reporter: THIS IS NOT THE PART OF CANCUN THAT TOURISTS TRAVEL THOUSANDS OF MILES TO SEE. OFFICER ALEJANDRO RODRIGUEZ COMMANDS THIS HEAVILY ARMED UNIT OF CANCUN'S MUNICIPAL POLICE. HIS TEAM IS WORKING TO STOP A SOARING HOMICIDE RATE. IN 2017 MORE THAN 205 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN MURDERED HERE.
>> ( translated ): HOMICIDES ARE OUR PRIORITY. WE KNOW THAT THERE ARE GANGS WHO ARE PROBABLY FIGHTING OVER TERRITORY. IN THE PLACES WHERE THERE HAVE BEEN HOMICIDES, THERE ARE PATROLS WITH SPECIAL OFFICERS.
>> Reporter: IN 2006 MEXICO BEGAN AN AGGRESSIVE CAMPAIGN OF TARGETING THE HEADS OF DRUG CARTELS. KINGPINS WENT TO JAIL OR WERE KILLED, BUT AN ESTIMATED 80,000 OTHERS WERE ALSO KILLED BY ORGANIZED CRIME SINCE THE STRATEGY AGAINST CARTELS BEGAN. THE FALLOUT OF THE CAMPAIGN CAN STILL BE SEEN ON THE STREETS OF CANCUN WHERE FRACTURED GANGS FIGHT BLOODY BATTLES FOR CONTROL.
>> ( translated ): WE WANT TO PREVENT ANY CRIMES LIKE HOMICIDE OR A THEFT. WE ALSO WANT TO DETECT AND IDENTIFY PEOPLE WHO CARRY WEAPONS AND DRUGS.
>> Reporter: CANCUN HAS NEVER SEEN THIS MUCH BLOODSHED. IN AUGUST ALONE, THE DEADLIEST MONTH OF THE YEAR, A RECORD 38 PEOPLE WERE MURDERED HERE. A FEW MILES AWAY FROM THE ARMORED PATROL, CANCUN LOOKS VASTLY DIFFERENT. HERE RESORTS AND TOURISTS MINGLE WITH WHITE SAND AND CRYSTAL BLUE WATER. BUT LOOKS CAN BE DECEPTIVE. LAST AUGUST, THE U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT ISSUED A TRAVEL ADVISORY FOR THE STATE OF QUINTANA ROO, WHERE CANCUN IS LOCATED. THE WARNING STATED, "TURF BATTLES BETWEEN CRIMINAL GROUPS HAVE RESULTED IN VIOLENT CRIME" THE NOTICE DIDN'T DETER ANDRE AND MICHELLE, VACATIONING FROM LOS ANGELES. HAVE YOU SEEN ANYTHING THAT WOULD LEAVE YOU A LITTLE FEARFUL?
>> THIS FAR? NO, IT'S BEEN PRETTY SECURE, PRETTY SAFE I THINK. I HAVEN'T FELT UNSAFE AT ALL.
>> Reporter: 42 MILES DOWN THE BEACH, ANOTHER TOURIST HOTSPOT, PLAYA DEL CARMEN, IS ALSO UNDER THE SAME ADVISORY.
>> I SENT HIM THE NOTICE ONCE I GOT IT ON MY PHONE, BUT EVERYTHING WAS ALREADY BOOKED, SO WE JUST FIGURED, MIGHT AS WELL.
>> Reporter: BRETT AND ALYSSA BOHAN CAME HERE FROM MICHIGAN FOR THEIR HONEYMOON.
>> WE NEVER FELT LIKE WE WERE IN ANY DANGER, I DON'T THINK.
>> Reporter: ALEJANDRO SCHTULMANN SPECIALIZES IN ANALYZING SECURITY RISKS IN MEXICO.
>> SO MUCH OF THE VIOLENCE THAT WE'RE SEEING IN CANCUN IS ON THE PERIPHERY OF THE CITY, ALSO ON THE PERIPHERY OF PLAYA DEL CARMEN.
>> Reporter: AS CRIME HAS JUMPED TO RECORD HIGHS, OCCUPANCY RATES AT HOTELS IN CANCUN AND PLAYA DEL CARMEN HAS MOSTLY HELD STEADY. SCHTULMANN DOESN'T THINK THAT WILL CHANGE EVEN THOUGH MURDERS ARE AT AN ALL TIME HIGH.
>> YOU SEE AN UPWARD TREND IN TOURISM, AND THAT IS UNLIKELY TO CHANGE. THE CRIME RATES THAT WE'RE SEEING IN CANCUN, PLAYA DEL CARMEN, ARE STILL VERY LOW COMPARED TO WHAT IS HAPPENING AROUND THE COUNTRY.
>> Reporter: THE AREA'S VIOLENCE HAS RARELY PUT VACATIONERS IN DANGER, EVEN THOUGH SOME TOURISTS COME HERE TO BUY DRUGS FROM THE SAME GANGS THAT ARE MAKING THE STATE MORE VIOLENT. WHEN THERE IS DEMAND FOR DRUGS, THERE IS ALSO DEMAND FOR VIOLENCE, AND MEXICO WORRIES THE NEW CRIME WAVE COULD SCARE TOURISTS OFF, SO IT'S TAKING THE THREAT SERIOUSLY. OFFICER FRANCISCO VITERON IS PATROLLING IN PLAYA DEL CARMEN'S TOP TOURIST MARKET. HE AND HIS PARTNER, BOTH OFFICERS IN MEXICO'S FEDERAL POLICE, HAVE JUST ARRIVED HERE.
>> ( translated ): WE ARE ALL WORKING TO APPLY DIFFERENT STRATEGIES TO TRY TO COMBAT EVERY FORM OF VIOLENCE. THE PUBLIC AND EVEN MY BOSSES HAVE THE SAME CONCERN. THEY GAVE US ORDERS AND TIPS ON HOW TO HAVE A STRONGER PRESENCE HERE.
>> Reporter: THE NEED FOR HEAVY SECURITY ALSO STRETCHES INTO THE NEIGHBORHOODS OF PLAYA DEL CARMEN THAT TOURISTS OFTEN DON'T SEE. WE RODE ALONG WITH OFFICER ALVARO SANCHEZ JIMENEZ FROM THE PLAYA DEL CARMEN POLICE. OFFICER JIMENEZ INSISTS THAT THE CITY IS NOT DANGEROUS AND NO CRIMINAL GANGS RUN HERE.
>> ( translated ): THERE AREN'T GROUPS HERE, THEY ARE PEOPLE WHO COME HERE AND IDENTIFY HOW LOVELY IT IS HERE THE PEOPLE WHO COME HERE COME BECAUSE IT IS A BEAUTIFUL CITY AND IT IS SAFE TOO. IF ANYTHING HAPPENS, IT IS REALLY SPORADIC. IT IS ALL UNDER CONTROL THOUGH.
>> Reporter: BUT THE SAME DAY THAT WE MET OFFICER JIMENEZ A BODY WAS FOUND NOT FAR FROM WHERE WE FILMED THESE IMAGES. THE FOLLOWING DAY, THERE WAS A BANNER THREATENING LOCAL POLICE AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS.
>> ( translated ): WE DON'T HAVE ANY SECURITY. IT IS NOT SAFE FOR US TO BE A FAMILY HERE.
>> Reporter: WE MET FABIOLA JARA OUTSIDE OF CANCUN'S GENERAL HOSPITAL.
>> ( translated ): SUDDENLY A CAR CAME CLOSE TO US. I DIDN'T RECOGNIZE IT. TWO PEOPLE CAME OUT THE CAR AND STARTED SHOOTING. IN THAT MOMENT, I WAS SCREAMING. I KEPT ASKING ¡WHY?', 'WHY?'. I SAW THAT MY SON HAD BEEN SHOT IN HIS LEG.
>> Reporter: FABIOLA'S 13-YEAR- OLD SON ERIK'S LEG WAS SHATTERED FROM THE BULLET. WHEN WE VISITED THE HOSPITAL, ERIK'S ROOM WAS PROTECTED BY A GUARD AND WE WERE NOT ALLOWED TO ENTER. DO YOU HAVE ANY FAITH IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM HERE OR IN THE POLICE FORCE?
>> ( translated ): I DON'T KNOW. RIGHT NOW I DON'T KNOW. BUT I SHOULD, RIGHT? THEY ARE GUARDING US. WE SHOULD TRUST THEM.
>> Reporter: THE STATE'S TOP PROSECUTOR, MIGUEL ANGEL PECH CEN ARGUES THE RISING CRIME AND MURDER RATE IS A PRODUCT OF THE INCREASING DRUG TRADE AND A TURF BATTLE FOLLOWING THE ARREST OF DONA LETY, A PROMINENT CARTEL LEADER.
>> ( translated ): THE PRESENCE OF SUCH CRIME IS DUE TO THE SELLING OF DRUGS. IT'S NOT ON A GRAND SCALE BUT IT IS QUITE PROMINENT STILL. THERE ARE GROUPS FIGHTING OVER HAVING POWER TO SELL DRUGS HERE. PEOPLE HERE SEARCH FOR PEACE AND QUIET BUT BECAUSE OF THIS TURF WAR, VIOLENCE IS GROWING.
>> Reporter: PECH CEN ARGUES CANCUN'S BEAUTY IS PART OF THE PROBLEM.
>> ( translated ): SINCE TOURISTS ARE THE CONSUMERS, THIS ALSO CREATES HAVOC. THE DRUG LORDS IMMEDIATELY RECOGNIZE THEM AS REVENUE GENERATORS.
>> Reporter: LOCAL JOURNALIST PEDRO CANCHE SAYS THE SYSTEM IS ROTTEN. THE POLICE ARE CORRUPT, AND CRIMINAL LEADERS ARE EMBOLDENED.
>> ( translated ): THERE IS A LOT OF BRIBERY. QUITE OFTEN THE LEADERS ARE EX- POLICE OFFICERS OR EX-MILITARY. THEY WOULD PROBABLY EARN $2,800 AND SUDDENLY A NARCO GROUP OFFERS THEM $28,000. THERE IS A HUGE DIFFERENCE. IN THIS WAY, MANY POLICE OFFICERS BECOME DRUG LORDS THEMSELVES. THIS BASICALLY ENCOURAGES OTHER OFFICIALS TO DO THE SAME.
>> Reporter: FIGHTING THIS IS NOT EASY. WE MET THIS FORMER CANCUN POLICE OFFICER WHO ASKED THAT WE DISGUISE HIS IDENTITY. HE TOLD ME IN CANCUN, IT'S PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO BE AN HONEST POLICEMAN.
>> ( translated ): WE SEE HOMICIDES EVERYDAY ON THE STREET, IN BROAD DAYLIGHT. KIDNAPPING, ASSAULTS, ALL IN DAYLIGHT NOW. THIS DIDN'T HAPPEN BEFORE. THE ISSUE THAT EVERY OFFICER HAS IS REALLY JUST HIS OWN BOSS. THE BOSS IN CHARGE OF THE OPERATION WILL TELL YOU DIRECTLY TO LET SOMEONE GO AND IGNORE ALL EVIDENCE.
>> Reporter: WE WENT OUT WITH THE POLICE LAST NIGHT. IT SEEMED LIKE, THEY WERE WELL ARMED, THEY WERE WELL TRAINED. IS THAT THE REALITY?
>> ( translated ): NO. IT IS NOT THE REALITY. THE POLICE HAVE NOT BEEN TRAINED ENTIRELY. THERE ARE SOME GROUPS THAT HAVE NO TACTICAL TRAINING. THEY ARE BLINDLY SENT TO THE SCENE AND EXPOSED TO THE CRIME. THEY ALSO LACK THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF AMMUNITION. SOMETIMES THEY ARE ONLY GIVEN SIX TO EIGHT ROUNDS. THAT'S ALL. THIS BASICALLY SETS THEM UP FOR DEATH.
>> Reporter: HE ALSO ACCUSES POLICE OF WORKING WITH HIGH LEVEL CRIMINALS.
>> ( translated ): THE CRIMINALS ENSURE THAT THE POLICE CANNOT BEHAVE PROFESSIONALLY. THE POLICE OFFICERS WHO DON'T RESPOND TO THE CRIMINAL'S DEMANDS ARE LAID OFF. THE POLICE MAKE A DEAL WITH THE CRIMINALS THAT ENSURES DISOBEDIENT OFFICERS WILL BE FIRED.
>> Reporter: WE'VE HEARD FROM PEOPLE AROUND HERE THAT THERE ARE LOTS OF ACCUSATIONS ABOUT CORRUPTION IN THE GOVERNMENT AND ACCUSATIONS THAT CRIMINALS HAVE IMPUNITY TO ACT. HOW DO YOU RESPOND TO THOSE ALLEGATIONS?
>> ( translated ): TO COMBAT THIS TYPE OF IMPUNITY, THE GOVERNMENT HERE IS BEING AS TRANSPARENT AS POSSIBLE. WE ARE ABOUT TO LAUNCH THE ANTI- CORRUPTION PROGRAM THAT WILL NAME ALL PERPETRATORS AND OUR OFFICE WILL HAVE MUCH BETTER ACCESS TO OFFENDERS. IT'S HARD TO CHOOSE BETWEEN RIGHT AND WRONG SOMETIMES BUT WE ARE TRYING.
>> Reporter: BUT FOR NOW, IN THIS INCREASINGLY VIOLENT PARADISE, THE CRIME RATE, THE HOMICIDE RATE AND THE HOTEL OCCUPANCY RATE ARE SHOWING NO SIGN OF SLOWING DOWN. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR I'M DANNY GOLD IN CANCUN, MEXICO.
>> Woodruff: TOMMORROW WE CONTINUE OUR SERIES ON THE DRUG WAR IN MEXICO, REPORTING FROM THE FAMED CITY OF ACAPULCO.
>> Woodruff: NEXT, THE ME-TOO MOVEMENT HITS ACADEMIA, SPECIFICALLY, THE ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT. GENDER DISCRIMINATION WAS A HOT TOPIC AT THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION OVER THE WEEKEND IN PHILADELPHIA AND PAUL SOLMAN WAS THERE, AS PART OF HIS WEEKLY SEGMENT, MAKING SENSE.
>> GOOD EVENING, LADIES AND REMAINING GENTLEMEN.
>> Reporter: AT THE GOLDEN GLOBE AWARDS LAST SUNDAY, THE SEXUAL HARRASSMENT JOKES FLEW FAST AND FURIOUS, BEFITTING THE INDUSTRY THAT LAUNCHED THE ME-TOO MOVEMENT.
>> FOR THE MALE NOMINEES IN THE ROOM TONIGHT, THIS IS THE FIRST TIME IN THREE MONTHS IT WON'T BE TERRIFYING TO HEAR YOUR NAME READ OUT LOUD.
>> Reporter: BUT SEXUAL DISCRIMINATION WAS ALSO CALLED OUT.
>> AND HERE ARE THE ALL-MALE NOMINEES.
>> Reporter: AS WAS SEXUAL AGE DISCRIMINATION.
>> THE GOLDEN GLOBES TURNED 75 THIS YEAR.
>> BUT THE ACTRESS THAT PLAYS HIS WIFE IS STILL ONLY 32.
>> Reporter: BUT WHAT, YOU MIGHT BE WONDERING, HAS THE GOLDEN GLOBES TO DO WITH ECONOMICS? WELL, SEX AND AGE DISCRIMINATION HAS BECOME A POPULAR SUBJECT OF RESEARCH. AND IT JUST SO HAPPENS THAT 30- SOMETHING, AS ECONOMIST JOANNA LAHEY TOLD ME TWO YEARS AGO, IS PRETTY MUCH WHEN AGE DISCRIMINATION BEGINS AGAINST ALL WOMEN, NOT JUST THOSE IN TINSELTOWN.
>> IT STARTS AT AGE 35.
>> Reporter: REALLY?
>> YES. IT'S A PRETTY STEADY PROCESS.
>> Reporter: AND ECONOMIST TERESA GHILARDUCCI RELAYED ANOTHER DISTURBING FACT: WOMEN'S EARNINGS PEAK AT AGE 45.
>> FROM 45 TO 55, WAGES DECREASE BY 9%, FROM 55 TO 65, ANOTHER 9%. SO THAT AGE OF PEAKING IS A LOT YOUNGER THAN WE EVER THOUGHT.
>> Reporter: WE CAUGHT UP WITH GHILARDUCCI IN PHILADELPHIA THIS WEEK, AT THE ANNUAL CONVENING OF THE WORLD'S ECONOMISTS, WHERE THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN ECONOMICS WAS SERIOUSLY TRENDING, A PANEL ON THE TOPIC EVEN MAKING HEADLINES.
>> THE LOW STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE LABOR MARKET AFTER THE AGE OF 50 MAY BE QUITE RELATED TO THE FACT THAT WE DON'T HAVE MANY WOMEN ECONOMISTS. AND IN FACT, OTHER WOMEN REINFORCE THAT BY NOT ASKING THE AGE. I'M 60. LET ME JUST SHOUT OUT TO ALL THE PEOPLE WHO MIGHT BE WATCHING THIS, IS THAT THE ONLY WAY WE'RE GOING TO ELIMINATE AGE DISCRIMINATION IS IF WE SHOUT OUT OUR AGE. I'M 60, I'M VITAL AND I'M SO GLAD I HAVE TENURE, BECAUSE I KNOW THE REALITIES, PAUL, THAT I WOULDN'T SHOUT OUT MY AGE IF I DID NOT HAVE A SECURE JOB.
>> Reporter: REALLY? YOU MEAN YOU KNOW YOU WOULDN'T?
>> I KNOW I WOULDN'T. IT WOULD BE VERY HARD FOR ME TO GET INTERVIEWED IN THE FINANCE PROFESSION FOR INSTANCE, OR THE AND I FEEL IT'S BECAUSE OLDER WOMEN HAVE SORT OF LOST THE OTHER KIND OF ATTRIBUTE THAT WOMEN WILL USE ON THE JOB, WHETHER IT'S UNCONSCIOUS OR CONSCIOUS. AND THAT'S THE ATTRIBUTE THAT WE SOMEHOW BOOST THE SEXUAL THE EGOS OF OUR MALE BOSSES.
>> Reporter: AND THAT EGO, THE MALE EGO, IS BECOMING MORE FRAGILE AS MEN AGE.
>> THEY HAVE ALWAYS BEEN FRAGILE.
>> Reporter: WELL I'M JUST SAYING THAT IT'S NOT AN EXCUSE BUT IT'S A FACT. THAT AS A MAN AGES, HE WORRIES MORE THAN EVER, OK, ABOUT BEING ATTRACTIVE HIMSELF.
>> BUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AT WORK ISN'T ABOUT SEX OR ATTRACTIVENESS. IT'S REALLY ABOUT POWER. SO IF MEN ARE FEELING MORE FRAGILE IN THEIR PRIVILEGED OPPORTUNITY, THEN THEY ARE GOING TO SUBORDINATE PEOPLE WHO ARE THREATENING THEIR OPPORTUNITY. A LOT MORE PEOPLE ARE COMPETING AND A LOT MORE PEOPLE HAVE THE SKILLS THAT YOU ONCE AS A MAN HAD HOARDED.
>> Reporter: AND MORE WOMEN ARE GRADUATING FROM COLLEGE AND EVEN FROM GRADUATE SCHOOL NOW.
>> YES, SO THE FRAGILITY IS BASICALLY IN HOLDING ONTO THEIR PRIVILEGED OPPORTUNITY. SEX, SEXUAL SOUNDS FUN AND HARASSMENT SOUNDS PETTY. WHAT'S HAPPENING IS THIS KIND OF MICRO AND MACRO AGGRESSION AND YOU, ANY HUMAN, SHOWS AGGRESSION TO SOMEONE WHO IS THREATENING THEM.
>> Reporter: A RECENT PAPER THAT'S GOTTEN A LOT OF ATTENTION IN THE ECONOMICS WORLD ACTUALLY HIGHLIGHTED THE SEXUALIZATION OF FEMALE ECONOMISTS, WHO HOLD 30% OF THE phD's, BUT ONLY 15% OF THE PROFESSORSHIPS.
>> AN UNDERGRADUATE AT BERKELEY WROTE A PAPER WHERE SHE ANALYZED THE KINDS OF WORDS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF YOUNG WOMEN ON THE JOB MARKET COMPARED TO YOUNG MEN ON THE JOB MARKET.
>> Reporter: ALICE WU, NOW A GRAD STUDENT AT HARVARD, MINED MORE THAN A MILLION POSTS FROM A MESSAGE BOARD WHERE THE ECONOMICS COMMUNITY GOSSIPS ANONYMOUSLY ABOUT JOB APPLICANTS.
>> HOW DID THEIR VISITS ON CAMPUS GO, HOW DID THEIR INTERVIEWS GO. WHAT DID THE SENIOR PROFESSORS SAY TO SO AND SO, YOU KNOW, IT'S A GOSSIP BOARD FOR PEOPLE TRYING TO ENTER A PROFESSION. MEN WHO WERE LOOKING FOR JOBS AS ECONOMISTS WERE DESCRIBED WITH WORDS LIKE EMPIRICAL, DATA, MONETARY, FISCAL-- WORDS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH OUR PROFESSION. WOMEN WHO WERE LOOKING FOR JOBS WHO HAD phD's IN ECONOMICS WERE DESCRIBED AS HOT OR A BITCH OR SOMEHOW SEXUALIZED.
>> Reporter: HERE'S THE LIST OF THE TOP 30 WORDS THAT CORRELATED MOST FREQUENTLY WITH WOMEN INTERVIEWING FOR JOBS IN THE ECONOMICS PROFESSION: BREAST, KISSED, whor*, SEXY. DOWN THROUGH NUMBER 30, NONE HAD ANYTHING TO DO WITH ECONOMICS.
>> CLEARLY DISMISSIVE. DISGUSTING. AND MEANT TO ANNIHILATE AND WEAKEN.
>> Reporter: WHEN I READ THAT LIST OF WORDS I WAS SHOCKED, STARTLED. I JUST DIDN'T THINK THAT IN ECONOMICS MEN WERE LOOKING AT WOMEN THAT WAY.
>> I MEAN A LOT OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT, WHICH THAT IS, IS NOT ABOUT SEX. SAYING THAT A FEMALE ECONOMIST WHO IS COMPETING FOR AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR WHO IS HOT IS NOT FLATTERING. IT'S ACTUALLY AGGRESSION. IT'S PUTTING HER IN HER PLACE AS A SEXUAL OBJECT NOT AS A EQUAL COMPETITOR.
>> Reporter: I'VE INTERVIEWED YOU FOR A DECADE AT LEAST. A NUMBER OF TIMES. AS BETWEEN US, IS THERE AN IMBALANCE? I MEAN I KNOW THAT I'M IN A SORT OF POWER POSITION BY BEING AN INTERVIEWER. I'VE ALWAYS TRIED TO WORK AGAINST THAT. TRY TO MAKE THE INTERVIEWEE COMFORTABLE. BUT IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN TERMS OF ME BEING A WHITE MALE AND OLDER?
>> OH NO, NOT AT ALL. WE'RE NOT COMPETING FOR THE SAME JOB. AND YOU, LIKE 99% OF MEN, TREAT ME WITH RESPECT AND GIVE ME THE AUTHORITY I'M DUE BECAUSE OF MY KNOWLEDGE AND MY PROFESSION. IT'S JUST THAT WHEN YOU TAKE THE SMALL NUMBER OF MEN WHO EXPRESS THEIR THREAT WITH HOSTILITY TOWARDS WOMEN, AND YOU MULTIPLY IT OVER AND OVER AGAIN, AND THE BYSTANDING MEN GET CONFUSED ABOUT WHAT THEY'RE LOOKING AT, THEN YOU GET AN IMBALANCE OF POWER AND AN EXPRESSION OF HOSTILITY TO WOMEN. YOU KNOW EXACTLY WHEN IT'S JUST JOKING AND WHEN IT'S NOT. DON'T BE CONFUSED, YOU'RE NOT CONFUSED. YOU'RE NOT CONFUSED ABOUT YOUR OWN MOTIVATIONS AND YOU'RE NOT CONFUSED ABOUT WHAT THE OTHER MEN ARE DOING. JUST BE BRAVE TO CALL IT WHEN IT'S AGGRESSION.
>> Reporter: THIS IS ECONOMICS CORRESPONDENT PAUL SOLMAN, REPORTING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR FROM PHILADELPHIA.
>> Woodruff: WE TURN TO ANOTHER INSTALLMENT OF OUR WEEKLY BRIEF BUT SPECTACULAR SERIES WHERE WE ASK PEOPLE ABOUT THEIR PASSIONS. TONIGHT, THE U.K. BLOGGER AND PODCASTER, EMMA GANNON. SHE HOSTS THE POPULAR PODCAST "CONTROL ALT DELETE," AND HER LATEST BOOK IS "THE MULTI-HYPHEN METHOD."
>> THERE ARE SO MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE SOCIAL MEDIA, YOUTUBE, CONTENT CREATOR WORLD. IT IS TRUE THAT WE MAKE STUFF IN OUR BEDROOMS, THAT IS TRUE. I DO EDIT MY PODCAST IN MY PAJAMAS SOMETIMES. I THINK WHAT'S INTERESTING ABOUT THAT CONVERSATION, IS THAT IT'S MORE ABOUT THE FUTURE OF WORK. WE DON'T NECESSARILY WORK 9 TO 5 AND WE DON'T JUST SIT THERE IN A SEAT AND LOOK BUSY. IT'S MORE ABOUT ACTUALLY BEING BUSY BUT IN DIFFERENT WAYS THAT SOME PEOPLE CAN'T REALLY WRAP THEIR HEADS AROUND JUST YET. I WROTE A BOOK LAST YEAR CALLED "CTRL ALT DELETE" AND IT'S A BOOK ABOUT MILLENNIALS. THE REASON WE ARE THE WAY WE ARE IS BECAUSE OF THE WAY WE GREW UP, BEING INTRODUCED TO TECHNOLOGY AT A VERY EARLY AGE, BUT WE'RE NOT THE SAME AS GENERATION Z WHO KIND OF HAD AN iPAD STRAIGHT OUT OF THE WOMB. I REMEMBER THE DAY THAT MY MOM KIND OF WHEELED IN A MASSIVE, WHITE, HUGE COMPUTER. I KIND OF JUST FELL IN LOVE WITH IT IMMEDIATELY. I STARTED TO USE SOCIAL MEDIA, I GUESS, WHEN I WAS ABOUT 11 OR 12 PROPERLY. PEOPLE SAY THAT SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION IS LIKE THE NEW HEROIN. IT'S BEEN SCIENTIFICALLY KIND OF PROVEN THAT A LIKE IS THE SAME AS SORT OF A DOPAMINE RUSH THAT YOU WOULD GET FROM DOING DRUGS OR HAVING A HUG OR SOMEONE SAYING SOMETHING NICE TO YOU IN PERSON. WE SHOULDN'T FEEL BAD FOR FEELING GOOD WHEN SOMEONE RETWEETS US LIKE 100 TIMES. THAT FEELS AMAZING. BUT, I THINK IT'S A DANGEROUS KIND OF CYCLE AND A DANGEROUS ROAD TO GO DOWN IF THAT'S THE ONLY WAY YOU CAN FEEL GOOD. I THINK WE PROBABLY ALL CHECK OUR PHONES AT TIMES WE SHOULDN'T. I READ THAT 20% OF PEOPLE ACTUALLY CHECK THEIR PHONE WHILST HAVING SEX. NOT EVEN AFTERWARDS OR BEFORE, DURING. WHICH KIND OF FREAKED ME OUT. THERE WAS A STUDY THAT CAME OUT ABOUT COUPLE WHO TAKE TOO MANY SELFIES AND HOW THEY DIRECTLY CORRESPOND TO BREAKUPS. IT DOES MAKE SENSE. I THINK THEY MORE SOMEONE IS SHARING, IT'S CLEAR THAT MAYBE IN THAT TIME OF THEIR LIFE THEY'RE NEEDED TO SHARE MORE, THEY'RE NEEDING MORE VALIDATION, WHEREAS I KNOW THAT AS I GROW UP, I SHARE LESS, WHICH I THINK'S INTERESTING, SO I'M BEING MORE CONFIDENT. AND SO I DON'T NEED EVERYONE TO KNOW WHAT I'M DOING ALL THE TIME. I'M JUST HAPPY DOING IT. I THINK WE'RE IN THIS TIME WHERE WE FEEL LIKE WE HAVE TO HAVE OUR OPINIONS AND PERSONALITY AND OUR IDENTITY AND OUR THOUGHTS KIND OF WRITTEN IN STONE AND CHISELED INTO FOREVERNESS, I THINK IT'S OKAY TO SAY ¡I DON'T KNOW,' BECAUSE I DON'T KNOW SO MUCH. I THINK I'M ONE OF THOSE PEOPLE THAT ASKS WHY A LOT, I THINK THAT'S WHY MILLENNIALS DO GET A REPUTATION FOR BEING QUITE ENTITLED BECAUSE WE GO INTO THE WORKPLACE OR WE GO INTO A SITUATION AND WE KIND OF ASK WHY, BECAUSE I WOULDN'T DO IT THAT WAY, I THINK WE SHOULD I WAS READING SOMETHING THE OTHER DAY ABOUT SOMETHING CALLED SLOW LIVING, AND IT'S ESSENTIALLY THIS NEW MOVEMENT WHERE YOU DO REALLY KIND OF GO BACK TO BASICS AND YOU GO ON A LONG WALK AND YOU MAKE, YOU KNOW, DINNER FROM SCRATCH. I LIKE THE IDEA OF HAVING YOUR WORKING WEEK AND THEN ON THE WEEKENDS YOU KIND OF, YEAH YOU WRITE SOMEONE A LETTER OR YOU GO FOR A HIKE OR YOU GO FOR A SWIM. I THINK, YEAH WE'RE GOING TO GET TO A POINT WHERE WE HAVE TO GO BACKWARDS BECAUSE WE CAN'T GO FORWARDS ANYMORE. WE'LL BREAK. MY NAME IS EMMA GANNON, AND THIS IS MY BRIEF BUT SPECTACULAR TAKE ON THE HIGHS AND LOWS OF SOCIAL MEDIA.
>> Woodruff: YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL BRIEF BUT SPECTACULAR EPISODES ON OUR WEBSITE, pbs.org/newshour/brief. AND NOW TO A NEWSHOUR SHARES, SOMETHING THAT CAUGHT OUR EYE THAT MIGHT BE OF INTEREST TO YOU, TOO. AS PRODUCER ACPAN EXPLAINS ON THE ISLAND OF NANTUCKET OFF MASSACHUSETTS, THE COLD WEATHER CREATED A MAGICAL PHENOMENON, SLURPEE WAVES.
>> OH, IT'S COLD.
>> DESPITE THE FRIGID TEMP TIRES THE SURF WAS UP ON JANUARY 2nd IN NANTUCKET WHEN PHOTOGRAPHER JONATHAN CAUGHT A SPECIAL SIGHT, SLURPEE WAVES.
>> I LEFT A VOICE MAIL SAYING YOU ARE GOING GO SURFING AND THE WAVES ARE REALLY GOOD SO I GRABBED MY CAMERA AND DROVE TO SEE. AND I PULL UP AN I SAW THESE LITTLE FROZEN WAVES BREAKING.
>> BECAUSE OF ITS SALTINESS SEA WATER FREEZES AROUND 29 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT, ABOUT 3 DEGREES LOWER THAN NORMAL WATER, SO WHEN THE AIR GETS COLDER THAN THIS POINT, IT CAN FREEZE THE TOP MOST LAYERS OF OCEAN WATER AND TOSES SLUSH ON TO SHORE.
>> THE SLURPEE WAVES IN 2015 WAS A RARE OCCURRENCE.
>> IT LOOKS LIKE AN SEUL SLURPEE . JONATHAN SAID THE WAVES WERE NOT ONLY RARE BUT FLEETING. THE SLURPEE WAVES LASTED ABOUT THREE HOURS THAT MORNING. SO HE, HIS WAVE AND HIS FRIENDS ONLY BRAVED THE COLD FOR ABOUT 60 MINUTES. FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR. QUNS THANK YOU, AND
>> Woodruff: ON THE NEWSHOUR ONLINE RIGHT NOW, IT WAS ON THIS DAY IN 1964 THAT THE NATION'S SURGEON GENERAL RELEASED AN EARTH-SHAKING REPORT THAT HELPED CHANGE THE PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF SMOKING. WE REMEMBER THE DOCTOR WHO LIKELY HAD ONE OF THE FARTHEST- REACHING INFLUENCES ON AMERICAN COLLECTIVE HEALTH. THAT AND MORE IS ON OUR WEB SITE, pbs.org/newshour. AND THAT'S THE NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT. ON FRIDAY, PRESIDENT TRUMP'S DECISION ON THE IRAN NUCLEAR DEAL AND THE ANALYSIS OF SHIELDS AND BROOKS. I'M JUDY WOODRUFF. JOIN US ONLINE AND AGAIN HERE TOMORROW EVENING. FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU AND SEE YOU SOON.
>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:
>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT OF THESE INSTITUTIONS
>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING. AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU. THANK YOU. Captioning sponsored by NEWSHOUR PRODUCTIONS, LLC Captioned by Media Access Group at WGBH access.wgbh.org If you're as passionate about baking as these culinary students, you won't want to miss this season of "Martha Bakes." Join us at my farm, where I'll be teaching them, and you, how to use the best techniques with the freshest ingredients to make this, this, or even this. Doesn't that look great? The only thing more fun than baking these tempting creations is eating them. ♪ "Martha Bakes" is made possible by... FOR MORE THAN 200 YEARS, DOMINO AND C&H SUGARS HAVE BEEN USED BY HOME BAKERS TO HELP BRING RECIPES TO LIFE AND CREATE MEMORIES FOR EACH NEW GENERATION OF BAKING ENTHUSIASTS. ♪ THOMAS DWAN: COWS OUTDOORS, IN MY OPINION, ARE HAPPY COWS AND HAPPY COWS SHOULD PRODUCE MILK. WE AIM TO TRY AND KEEP GRASS IN FRONT OF COWS FOR, AT LEAST, 300 DAYS OF THE YEAR.
